Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Influence of GNP on the Tensile Response of Stitched Composites

RADWA ALAZIZ, SHUVAM SAHA, RANI W. SULLIVAN

Abstract


Through-the-thickness stitching of layered composites provides through-the- thickness reinforcement to enhance the interlaminar tensile and shear strengths while maintaining structural continuity. However, under planar mechanical loads, stitched composites develop strain concentrations in the resin rich areas around the stitch seam causing a local reduction in mechanical properties. In this study, nanographene toughened epoxy is used to reduce strain concentrations around stitch seams and increase the global tensile performance in stitched composites. Stitched carbon fiber preforms ([+45/-45] ), infused with an unmodified epoxy resin were used as baseline laminates and compared to specimens infused with an epoxy resin containing a dispersion of 9 nm nanographene platelets. Specimens with two different periodic stitching patterns (0o and 90o) were fabricated and tested under uniaxial loading. The surface strain fields were obtained using digital image correlation (DIC). Noticeable differences were seen in the strain distributions and tensile properties of these test articles. Specimens with the nanographene-modified matrix showed reductions in the strain concentrations around the stitch seams, thereby increasing the local modulus of elasticity. This study presents the influence of nanographene-modified matrix on the tensile response of stitched composites.


DOI
10.12783/asc36/35916

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alaziz, R. and R. W. Sullivan. 2019. “Investigation of Damage in Composite Structures under Vibration Using Hilbert-Huang Transform,†presented at the 34th American Society for Composites Conference, September 23-25, 2019.

Saha, S. and R. W. Sullivan. 2019. “Strain Distributions in Bonded Composites Using Optical Fibers and Digital Image Correlation, †presented at the 34th American Society for Composites Conference, September 23-25, 2019.

Shah, A., S. Saha, and R. W. Sullivan. 2019. “Investigation of Composite Bond Thickness Using Optical Fibers,†presented at the 34th American Society for Composites Conference, September 23-25, 2019.

Velicki, A. and P. Thrash. 2011. “Damage Arrest Design Approach Using Stitched Composites,†Aeronaut. J., 115(1174), pp. 789–795.

Mignery, L., T. Tan, and C. Sun. 2008. “The Use of Stitching to Suppress Delamination in Laminated Composites,†Delamination Debonding Mater., pp. 371-371–15.

Yudhanto, A., G. Lubineau, I. A. Ventura, N. Watanabe, Y. Iwahori, and H. Hoshi. 2015. “Damage Characteristics in 3D Stitched Composites with Various Stitch Parameters under In-Plane Tension,†Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 71, pp. 17–31.

Larsson, F. 1997. “Damage Tolerance of a Stitched Carbon/Epoxy Laminate,†Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 28(11), pp. 923–934.

Mouritz, A. P., K. H. Leong, and I. Herszberg. 1997. “A Review of the Effect of Stitching on the In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites,†Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 28(12), pp. 979–991.

Inuwa, I. M., A. Hassan, S. A. Samsudin, M. H. Mohamad Kassim, and M. Jawaid. 2014. “Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polypropylene Composites,†Polym. Compos., 35(10), pp. 2029–2035.

Wang, J., X. Wang, C. Xu, M. Zhang, and X. Shang. 2011. “Preparation of Graphene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance,†Polym. Int., 60(5), pp. 816–822.

Liang, J., Y. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Ma, Z. Liu, J. Cai, C. Zhang, H. Gao, and Y. Chen. 2009. “Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Graphene/Epoxy Composites,†Carbon N. Y., 47(3), pp. 922–925.

Kim, H., Y. Miura, and C. W. Macosko. 2010. “Graphene/Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Improved Gas Barrier and Electrical Conductivity,†Chem. Mater., 22(11), pp. 3441–3450.

Kai, W., Y. Hirota, L. Hua, and Y. Inoue. 2008. “Thermal and Mechanical Properties of a Poly(ϵ-Caprolactone)/Graphite Oxide Composite,†J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 107(3), pp. 1395–1400.

Ghosh, S., I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, E. P. Pokatilov, D.L.Nika, A. A. Balandin, W. Bao, F. Miao, and C. N. Lau. 2008. “Extremely High Thermal Conductivity of Graphene: Prospects for Thermal Management Applications in Nanoelectronic Circuits,†Appl. Phys. Lett., 92(15), p. 151911.

Ma, P.-C., N. A. Siddiqui, G. Marom, and J.-K. Kim. 2010. “Dispersion and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Polymer-Based Nanocomposites: A Review,†Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 41(10), pp. 1345–1367.

Jang, B. Z., A. and Zhamu. 2008. “Processing of Nanographene Platelets (NGPs) and NGP Nanocomposites: A Review,†J. Mater. Sci., 43(15), pp. 5092–5101.

Potts, J. R., D. R. Dreyer, C. W. Bielawski, and R. S. Ruoff. 2011. “Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites,†Polymer (Guildf)., 52(1), pp. 5–25.

Kamar, N. T., M. M. Hossain, A. Khomenko, M. Haq, L. T. Drzal, and A. Loos. 2015. “Interlaminar Reinforcement of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites with Graphene Nanoplatelets,†Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 70, pp. 82–92.

Fan, Z., K.-T Hsiao, and S. G. Advani. 2004. “Experimental Investigation of Dispersion during Flow of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Suspension in Fibrous Porous Media,†Carbon N. Y., 42(4), pp. 871–876.

Movva, S., G. Zhou, D. Guerra, and L. J. Lee. 2009. “Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on Mold Filling in a Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding System,†J. Compos. Mater., 43(6), pp. 611–620.

Stankovich, S., D. A. Dikin, G. H. B. Dommett, K. M. Kohlhaas, E. J. Zimney, E. A. Stach, R. D. Piner, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff. 2006. “Graphene-Based Composite Materials,†Nature, 442(7100), pp. 282–286.

Stankovich, S., R. D. Piner, S. T. Nguyen, and R. S. Ruoff. 2006. “Synthesis and Exfoliation of Isocyanate-Treated Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets,†Carbon N. Y., 44(15), pp. 3342–3347.

Yasmin, A. and I. M. Daniel. 2004. “Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Graphite Platelet/Epoxy Composites,†Polymer (Guildf)., 45(24), pp. 8211–8219.

Priya, I. I. M. and B. K. Vinayagam. 2018. “Enhancement of Bi-Axial Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite with Graphene Platelet Nanopowder Modifies Epoxy Resin,†Adv. Mech. Eng., 10(8), p. 1687814018793261.

Liang, J.-Z., Q. Du, G. C.-P. Tsui, and C.-Y. Tang. 2016. “Tensile Properties of Graphene Nano-Platelets Reinforced Polypropylene Composites,†Compos. Part B Eng., 95, pp. 166–171.

ASTM, 2014, “Astm D3039/D3039M,†Annu. B. ASTM Stand., pp. 1–13.

Gom. 23 May. 2019, “Web†[Online]. Available: http://gom.com/.

Alaziz, R., S. Saha, R. W. Sullivan, and T. Zhenhua. “Influence of 3-D Periodic Stitching

Patterns on the Strain Distributions in Polymer Matrix Composites, †Compos Struct.,

Manuscript under review.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.